Imidazo quinoline compounds useful as anti-allergy agents

ABSTRACT

The quinoline compounds being of the formula: ##STR1## and salts thereof, wherein R 1  and R 2  are independently hydrogen, lower alkyl, halo, trifluoromethyl, amino, lower alkyl amino, lower acylamino, cyano, aryl, aryl/lower alkylene, nitro, lower alkynyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkyl sulfinyl, lower alkyl sulfonyl, lower alkoxycarbonyl, carboxyl, lower alkoxy, lower alkanoyl, or lower alkenoyl, 
     Y is nitrogen or R 3  N wherein R 3  is hydrogen, lower alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl aralkyl, acyl, aminoalkyl, or carboxyalkyl, 
     Z is nitrogen, 
     X is cyano, carbalkoxyl, carboxyl, formyloximino, tetrazolyl, carbalkoxyalkyl or carboxyalkyl, and 
     m is 0 or 1, are useful as medicinals, especially for treatment of asthma, and/or intermediates in the preparation of compounds useful for treating asthma.

This application is a division of our prior copending application Ser.No. 476,673, filed Mar. 18, 1983, which was a continuation-in-part ofnow pending U.S. application Ser. No. 362,712, filed Mar. 29, 1982.

This invention relates to new quinoline compounds and the corresponding1,2-; 1,3-; and, 1,4-benzodiazines, the new quinolines being of thegeneral formula: ##STR2## and salts thereof, wherein R₁ and R₂ areindependently hydrogen, lower alkyl, halo, trifluoromethyl, amino, loweralkyl amino, lower acylamino, cyano, aryl, aryl/lower alkylene, nitro,lower alkynyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkyl sulfinyl, lower alkylsulfonyl, lower alkoxycarbonyl, carboxyl, lower alkoxy, lower alkanoyl,or lower alkenoyl,

Y is oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen or R₃ N wherein R₃ is hydrogen, loweralkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, aralkyl, acyl, aminoalkyl, orcarboxyalkyl,

Z is oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen,

X is cyano, carbalkoxyl, carboxyl, formyloximino, tetrazolyl,carbalkoxyalkyl or carboxyalkyl, and

m is 0 or 1.

The invention, it its broad aspects, includes derivatives of quinoline,and corresponding benzodiazine compounds of formula I. Within this broadgroup, because of their properties, certain subgroups are preferred overothers. These compounds have utility as medicinals, especially fortreatment of asthma, and/or as intermediates in the preparation ofcompounds useful as medicinals.

In the preferred compounds, Z is nitrogen, R₃ is hydrogen, alkylaminoalkyl or carboxyalkyl of from about 1-5 carbon atoms and m is 0.

It is preferable that when Y is oxygen, that Z be nitrogen; that when Zis sulfur, that Y be nitrogen; and that when Z is nitrogen, that Y beoxygen, sulfur or R₃ N.

In the most preferred compounds, Z is nitrogen and Y is oxygen. Inslightly less preferred compounds, Z is oxygen and Y is nitrogen.

When X includes an alkyl group, it is preferred that the alkyl contain 1to 5 carbon atoms.

The preferred X groups are those including carboxy groups and, morepreferably, carboxy groups directly attached to the ring. These groupsinclude those having the general formula ##STR3## wherein a is 0 or 1,preferably 0, and R₄ is H or a lower alkyl group, preferably having 1-12carbon atoms, more preferably having 1-5 carbon atoms, or an alkyl groupsubstituted with an alkoxy or amino group. R₄ can also be a metal ororganic cation, preferably an alkali metal cation.

The compounds in which X is formyloximino or cyano are preferred asintermediates in a process for making the preferred carboxy compounds ofthis invention.

More than one R₁ or R₂ substituent can be on the respective rings. It ispreferred that R₁ be hydrogen, C₁ -C₅ alkyl, particularly methyl orethyl halo, particularly chlorine or bromine, trifluoromethyl or benzyl.It is most preferred that R₁ is hydrogen. It is preferred that R₂ behydrogen, C₁ -C₅ alkyl, halo, particularly chloro, trifluoromethyl,nitro, C₁ -C₅ alkylamino or acylamino. It is most preferred that R₂ beat the 5 position.

The preferred compounds include those in which the quinoline ringstructure is present. As is already indicated herein, the presentinvention also embraces the corresponding benzodiazines, e.g.,1,4-benzodiazines of the formula: ##STR4## as well as the 1,2- and1,3-benzodiazines. The invention is illustrated by way of the preferredquinoline compounds but it is within the skill of the art to extend theillustrations to benzodiazines.

The quinoline compounds of the present invention can be prepared, ingeneral, by reaction of the following compounds under condensationconditions to form the desired heterocyclic ring: ##STR5## wherein R₁,X, Y, Z and R₂ are as hereinbefore defined;

n=1 except when Y or Z is N when n=2; and

R=a di- or trifunctional group capable of condensing with Y(H)_(n) andZ(H)_(n) to form the indicated heterocyclic ring, e.g., trihalomethyl,trialkoxymethyl, or formyloximino.

A typical procedure for preparing the present new quinoline compoundswhere Z is N and Y is 0, S or R₃ N follows: ##STR6## In thisillustration, X is carbomethoxy but may be any of the groupsrepresentative of X.

A particularly preferred procedure for production of the present newcompounds, especially the preferred compounds in which X is a carboxygroup attached to the ring involves condensation of ##STR7## with aselected 7-amino-8-hydroxyquinoline to form the corresponding2-formyloximino-1,3-oxazolo[4,5-h] quinoline from which thecorresponding cyano compound can be prepared by dehydration of theoximino compound and the cyano compound then converted to carboxy orcarbalkoxy by known hydrolysis or alcoholysis reaction. The condensationwith the oxime is usually carried out in a reaction solvent, preferablybut not essentially, in the presence of base catalyst, such as alkalimetal salts of organic carboxylic acids such as salts of acetic acid,e.g., sodium acetate. The use of temperatures higher than roomtemperature merely shortens the requisite reaction time. Temperaturesfrom 0° C. up to 150° C. can be used.

Compounds in which m=1, i.e., the N-oxides, can be formed by reaction ofcorresponding compounds in which m=0 with peroxide or equivalentperacids. Thus, reaction is effected with hydrogen peroxide, perbenzoicacid, peracetic acid, and other peroxides commonly used for thispurpose. Generally, the N-oxide formation is carried out at roomtemperature or lower, to as low as 0° C., for example. For convenience,the starting compound may be dissolved in a suitable reaction solvent.Although only equivalent amounts of peroxide are required, usuallyexcess is used to assure complete reaction.

Solvents employed in the present preparative processes may be any ofthose commonly used in organic preparations such as dioxane,tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl acetamide, dimethyl formamide and similarsolvents. Solvents are not always necessary, however, since thecondensation of compounds of formula III with those of formula IV can becarried out without solvent by mere mixing of the reactants, preferablywith use of reaction temperatures above room temperature, up to above150° C. and preferably from about 50° to about 125° C.

The invention will be more fully illustrated in the examples whichfollow. These examples are given by way of illustration and are notconsidered as limiting.

EXAMPLE 1 A. 5-Chloro-7-nitro-8-hydroxyquinoline

To a solution of 5-chloro-8-hydroxyquinoline (90.0 g, 0.5 mol) insulfuric acid (500 ml) at 0° C. was added 90% nitric acid (0.6 mol) atsuch a rate that the temperature did not exceed 2° C. The clear solutionwas stirred for one hour at 0° C., and then allowed to slowly warm toroom temperature. The mixture was poured into ice (2 liter) and stirredovernight. The yellow precipitate was filtered, washed with water anddried. The yellow cake was crystallized from methylethylketone giving85.0 g (76% yield) of solid. M.P. 192°-194° C.

B. 5-Chloro-7-amino-8-hydroxyquinoline

To a suspension of 5-chloro-7-nitro-8-hydroxyquinoline (85.0 g, 0.38mol) in a 1:1 mixture of methanol and water (2.5 liter) was added sodiumdithionite (340 g, 2.0 mol). The reaction which is slightly exothermicwas stirred overnight under nitrogen. The yellow solid was filtered,washed with water and crystallized from ethanol giving 52 g (70% yield)of solid. M.P. 162°-164° C.

C. 2-Carbomethoxy-5-chloro-1,3-oxazolo-[4,5-h] quinoline

A mixture of 5-chloro-7-amino-8-hydroxyquinoline (6 g, 30.8 mol) andmethyl trimethoxyacetate (16.3 g, 123.2 mol) was heated at 100° C.overnight. The reaction was cooled in an ice bath and filtered. Theprecipitate was dissolved in acetone (250 ml). The resulting solutionwas treated with charcoal at reflux, filtered through a pad of silicagel and celite and partially concentrated. Crystals formed which werefiltered and dried giving 4.1 g (51% yield) of solid. M.P. 217°-218° C.

EXAMPLE 2 A. 2-Formyloximino-5-chloro-1,3-oxazolo-[4,5h] quinoline

A solution of chloral hydrate (1.7 g, 10 mmol) in water (10 ml)containing an equivalent amount of hydroxylamino to form the oxime washeated at 60° C. for three hours. Then a solution of5-chloro-7-amino-8-hydroxyquinoline (0.9 g, 4.6 mmol) in DMF (10 ml) wasadded. To this mixture was added sodium acetate (3.2 g, 40 mmol)portionwise over a two hour period. The reaction was heated at 60° C.for an additional hour. The solvent was removed in vacuo. The remainingmaterial was triturated with water, filtered and dried. The solid wasdissolved in acetone, treated with charcoal and filtered through a padof celite and silica gel. The solvent was removed giving the desiredproduct. M.P. 220° C.--dec.

B. 2-Cyano-5-chloro-1,3-oxazolo-[4,5-h] quinoline

A suspension of 2-formyloximino-5-chloro-1,3-oxazolo [4,5-h] quinoline(0.7 g, 2.8 mmol) in toluene (300 ml) was treated with thionyl chloride(0.3 ml) and refluxed for one hour. The reaction was filtered andconcentrated. The remaining material was dissolved in acetone andfiltered through a pad of silica gel and celite. The solvent was removedgiving the desired product. M.P. 214°-215° C.

C. 2-Carbomethoxy-5-chloro-1,3-oxazolo-[4,5-h] quinoline

A solution of 5 g of 2-cyano-5-chloro-1,3-oxazolo-4,5-h] quinoline in100 ml of methanol was cooled to 0° C. and dry HCl was bubbled throughthe solution for 1 hour. The solution was then maintained at 0° C. for24 hours, then allowed to warm up to room temperature. The solvent wasremoved in vacuo and the residue was dissolved in acetone and filteredthrough a pad of silica gel and celite. The solvent was removed to givethe desired product. M.P. 214°-215° C.

EXAMPLES 3-4

In like manner as above using 7-amino-5-chloro-8-hydroxyquinoline andthe appropriate ortho esters or imidates, the following compounds wereprepared:

3. 5-chloro-1,3-oxazolo-[4,5-h] quinoline 2-acetic acid, ethyl ester.M.P. 118°-121° C.

4. 2-carboethoxy-5-chloro-1,3-oxazolo-[4,5-h] quinoline. M.P. 150°-152°C.

EXAMPLES 5-13

The following compounds can be made using the above procedure and theappropriate aminoquinolines and imidates or ortho esters:

5. 8-methyl-2-carbomethoxy-1,3-oxazolo-[4,5-h] quinoline.

6. 5-(N,N-dimethylamino)-2-carbomethoxy-1,3-oxazolo-[4,5-h] quinoline.

7. 2-carboethoxy-1,3-oxazolo-[4,5-h] quinoline.

8. 8-trifluoromethyl-2-carbomethoxy-1,3-oxazolo-[4,5-h] quinoline.

9. 5-cyano-1,3-oxazolo-[4,5-h] quinoline-2-propanoic acid, methyl ester.

10. 5-bromo-2-(5-tetrazolyl)-1,3-oxazolo-[4,5-h] quinoline.

11. 5-methyl-2-carbopentoxy-1,3-oxazolo-[4,5-h] quinoline.

12. 2-carboxy-5-trifluoromethyl-1,3-oxazolo-[4,5-h] quinolineethoxyethyl ester.

13. 2-carboxy-5-nitro-1,3-oxazolo-[4,5-h] quinoline diethylaminoethylester.

EXAMPLE 14 5-chloro-1,3-oxazolo-[4,5-h] quinoline-2-carboxylate, sodiumsalt

A suspension of 2-carboethoxy-5-chloro-1,3-oxazolo[4,5-h] quinoline (1.5g) in water (100 ml) was treated with 16.3 ml of 1N NaOH. After 10minutes, the aqueous phase was extracted with chloroform. The aqueousphase was then treated with saturated ammonium chloride causing a whiteprecipitate to form. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo giving 0.9 gof solid, M.P. 212°-216° C. which was suspended in water (50 ml),treated with one equivalent of sodium hydroxide, and lyophilized to give0.9 g of product. M.P. 200° C.--dec.

EXAMPLE 15

In like manner as above using the appropriate base, the following saltwas prepared:

5-chloro-1,3-oxazolo-[4,5-h] quinoline-2-carboxylate, tris(hydroxymethyl) amino methane salt. M.P. 90° C.--dec.

EXAMPLE 16 2-(5-tetrazolyl)-5-chloro-1,3-oxazolo-[4,5-h] quinoline

A mixture of 5 g of 2-cyano-5-chloro-1,3-oxazolo-[4,5-h] quinoline and1.0 g of sodium azide and 2 g of ammonium chloride in 100 ml of DMF areheated for 3 hours at 120° C. The reaction mixture is poured into wateracidified with dilute HCl, and the product is filtered andrecrystallized.

EXAMPLE 17

Other compounds within the current invention which can be preparedinclude the following in which R₁, R₂ and X can be as disclosed above.

(A) Oxazolo-[5,4-h] quinolines as, for example,

2-carbomethoxy-1,3-oxazolo-[5,4-H] quinoline

(B) Imidazo-[4,5-h] quinolines as, for example,

2-carbomethoxy-1,3-imidazo-[4,5-h] quinoline

(C) Thiazolo-[4,5-h] quinolines as, for example,

2-carbomethoxy-1,3-thiazolo-[4,5-h] quinoline, and

2-carbomethoxy-1,3-thiazolo-[4,5-h] quinoline-N-oxide

(D) Thiazolo-[5,4-h] quinolines as, for example,

2-carbomethoxy-1,3-thiazolo-[4,5-h] quinoline

(E) Oxazolo-[4,5-h] quinolines as, for example,

2-carbomethoxy-5-chloro-1,3-oxazolo-[4,5-h] quinoline-N-oxide; and

2-formyloximino-5-chloro-1,3-oxazolo-[4,5-h] quinoline

The compounds of this invention are useful as anti-allergy agents asdetermined by testing in the following procedures recognized to becognent in vitro and in vivo models of human allergic disease.

A. The PCA Test

The compounds of this invention have potent activity in inhibiting theformation of a wheal when screened according to the Rat PassiveCutaneous Anaphylaxis (PCA) Screen as described by I. Mota, LifeSciences, 7, 465 (1963) and Z. Ovary, et al. Proceedings of Society ofExperimental Biology and Medicine, 81, 584 (1952).

B. The RMC Test

In addition, the compounds of this invention have potent activity asinhibitors of histamine release from passively sensitized Rat Mast Cellsaccording to the procedure described by E. Kusner, et al., Journal ofPharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 184, 41 (1973).

When screened according to the above procedures, the compounds of thisinvention showed potent anti-allergic activity and, as such, are usefulin the treatment of conditions such as asthma. In the RMC test, I₅₀values of from 1 to 100 μm were found; in the PCA test, ED₅₀ values offrom 1 to 50 mg/kg were found. By way of illustration, the compound ofexample 1C had an I₅₀ value of 0.3 μm in the RMC test and E₅₀ value of0.5 mg/kg and 1.0 mg/kg when administered by the intraperitoneal routeand oral routes respectively in PCA test. The compound of example 4 hadan I50 value of 0.1 μm in the RMC test and 59% inhibition of whealformation at 10 mg/kg in the PCA test on intraperitoneal administration.The compound of example 14 had an I₅₀ of 0.1 m in the RMC test and 51%inhibition of wheal formation at 10 mg/kg in the PCA test onintraperitoneal administration.

We claim:
 1. A quinoline compound of the formula ##STR8## and saltsthereof, wherein R₁ and R₂ are independently hydrogen, lower alkyl,halo, trifluoromethyl, amino, lower alkyl amino, cyano, lower alkynyl,phenyl, phenyl-lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, nitro, lower alkyl sulfinyl,lower alkyl sulfonyl, lower alkoxycarbonyl, carboxyl, lower alkoxy,lower alkanoyl, or lower alkenoyl;M is 0 or 1; R₃ is hydrogen, loweralkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, phenyl, phenyl-lower alkyl, alkylaminoalkyl,aminoalkyl or carboxyalkyl; and X is cyano, formyloximino, tetrazolyl,carbalkoxyalkyl, carboxyalkyl, or COOR₄ in which the R₄ group ishydrogen, alkyl or an alkyl substituted by an alkoxy or amino group. 2.A compound according to claim 1 in which R₁ and R₂ are independentlyhydrogen, lower alkyl, halogen, trifluoromethyl, cyano, nitro or loweralkoxy.
 3. The compound of claim 1 wherein X is of the formula ##STR9##wherein a is 0 or 1 and R₄ is hydrogen, alkyl or alkyl substituted withan alkoxy or amino group.
 4. The compound of claim 3 wherein R₁ is H andR₂ is hydrogen, C₁ -C₅ alkyl, halo, nitro, cyano, trifluoromethyl, C₁-C₅ alkyl amino.
 5. The compound of claim 4 wherein R₂ is at the 5position.